http://tech.enorth.com.cn/system/2005/10/12/001138332.shtml

“中国在建造‘神舟’飞船时,采用了俄罗斯‘联盟’号飞船的技术结构。其中包括轨道舱、返回舱、服务舱和驱动装置,并且运用我们的宇航经验培训出了中国第一代宇航员。”俄罗斯“能源”火箭航天联合体副总设计师格里戈里耶夫在接受记者采访时说。

  .......................................................................

  据俄罗斯《宇航新闻》杂志报道,1996年4月25日,俄中两国政府曾签署了一项宇航技术购销协议。根据这一协议,俄罗斯一些航天企业开始接待中国来访的技术专家。同时,中国从“能源”火箭航天联合体购得“联盟—TM”载人飞船返回舱、自动接近与对接设备和“联盟”飞船的相关文献资料。1996~1997年,中国宇航员教练吴杰和李金龙来到加加林宇航员培训中心接受训练。

  “现在,在中国航天航空高端科研领域至今依然工作着不少俄罗斯高校毕业生。他们是上世纪60年代末从俄罗斯回国的中国留学生。他们当时就已经掌握了俄罗斯航天技术的基础应用理论,在这种前提下,中国还能出几亿美元来购买我们的某个基础产品,已经很不错啦。”莫斯科航空学院一位叫米哈伊尔的教授在接受记者采访时严肃地说。

 ...........................................................................

  米哈伊尔教授指出:“‘神舟’飞船直接选用‘联盟—TM’型飞船,作为其制造的理论依据,这有效地缩小了中国飞船与世界先进水平的差距,体现了中国发展载人飞船一步到位的思想。中国是‘四大发明’的故乡,由于人们争先恐后地使用了中国人的技术,人类的文明才得到了空前发展。可以说中国人为人类的进步做出了卓越的贡献。这个伟大的智慧民族掌握了载人飞船技术,有助于大力推进人类开发宇宙的进程。”

  ............................................................。

 

 

 

 

http://mag.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/mag/docDetail.jsp?coluid=0&docid=101851688&page=3                                                                 

 中國承認神舟太空船是俄國聯盟號山寨版與天宮的對接技術裝置APAS89也是引進俄國的異體同構周邊對接系統

 

 

 

 http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2002-10-21/89394.html                                                                                                                           

 新華社出版的《瞭望周刊》2002年第42期“中國重筆勾勒航天宏圖”提到︰1996年中國與俄羅斯簽署航天合作協議后,兩國在載人航天飛行的對接系統設備、飛船模型、飛行操縱以及生活保障手段等方面,進行了卓有成效的合作。俄羅斯在航天技術發展方面的經驗,過去和現在都對中國具有重要的開發意義。
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

俄新社關於神舟7號升空的評論報導
http://ria.ru/analytics/20080925/151604059.html

裡面一段提到  俄羅斯航天領域專家和指出,任何情況下都不能貶低中國專家所起到的作用的同時,。必須指出中國火箭技術的出現與發展都有俄羅斯方面參與的痕跡向中國提供火箭技術的文件和火箭樣品、成立和裝備火箭製造廠、在蘇聯時期的高校培訓中國工程師和專家,這些都是中國從上個世紀50年代研製火箭起步的跳板。另一段提到  中國從俄羅斯"能源"火箭公司購買了"聯盟-TM"飛船模型以及自動靠近和對接設備。中國首批航天員吳傑和李金龍在俄羅斯接受了培訓,但他們並沒有被送上太空,而是成為教官在中國培訓一批由14人組成的航天員。



 

 

據俄羅斯《宇航新聞》雜志報道(2),1996年4月25日,俄中兩國政府曾簽署了一項宇航技術購銷協議(3)。根據這一協議,俄羅斯一些航天企業開始接待中國來訪的技術專家。同時,中國從“能源”火箭航天聯合體購得“聯盟—TM”載人飛船返回艙、自動接近與對接設備和“聯盟”飛船的相關文獻資料。1996~1997年,中國宇航員教練吳傑和李金龍來到加加林宇航員培訓中心接受訓練......

 

(1)能源火箭航天集團副總設計師格里戈里耶夫的訪問原文︰
http://www.vremya.ru/2003/194/13/82661.html

 

 

(2)俄羅斯《宇航新聞》雜誌原文︰
http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki. ... ers/134/01.shtml#11

 

 

(3)俄羅斯航天局公佈1996年4月25日簽署的俄中載人航天協定︰
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
米國SPACEFLIGHT NOW的報導
http://www.spaceflightnow.com/china/shenzhou8/111102dockingsystem/.html
Chasing an orbiting space laboratory module at speeds of nearly 5 miles per second, China's Shenzhou 8 capsule is on final approach for an automated docking to test key technologies for a future Chinese space station.China hasn't released the exact time of the scheduled docking, but it's expected to occur around 1730 GMT (1:30 p.m. EDT) Wednesday, or at about 1:30 a.m. Beijing time Thursday. Chinese engineers want the first docking to occur during the night phase of its orbit to reduce sun glare.It will be the first automatic docking in Chinese space history, catapulting the country into another elite space club with Russia, the United States, Japan and the European Space Agency. The docking demo is a crucial step for China's ambition to build a 100-ton space complex in orbit by 2020.China became the third nation to launch a person into orbit in 2003. Two more spaceflights have occurred since then, most recently a mission in 2008 which included China's first spacewalk. Since launching Monday from the Jiuquan space base in northwest China, the unmanned 17,800-pound Shenzhou capsule has completed five engine maneuvers to fine-tune its approach to Tiangong 1, a slightly larger bus-sized module fitted with a docking port. Tiangong 1 launched from Jiuquan on Sept. 29. The five orbital maneuvers were completed with guidance from tracking sites and controllers on the ground, but Shenzhou 8's automated navigation and control system was expected to take over flying the spacecraft at about 1500 GMT (11 a.m. EDT).Shenzhou 8 established a two-way communications link with Tiangong 1 earlier Wednesday when the craft were about 30 miles apart. The final rendezvous sequence includes targeting, approach and horizontal closing phases lasting about two-and-a-half hours, according to Wu Ping, a spokeswoman for the China Manned Space Engineering Office, a division of the Chinese military. Shenzhou 8 will be the active vehicle in Wednesday's docking. Its computers will automatically process navigation data from a high-tech suite of radar, laser and optical sensors designed to collect information on the range and closing rate between Shenzhou 8 and Tiangong 1.Moments before contact, Shenzhou 8 will deploy a circular docking ring one foot into front of the spacecraft to link up with a receptor on the Tiangong target module. Then a robotic system will bring the spacecraft together for a tight connection with 12 locking pins. The Shenzhou docking collar is similar to the Russian-designed APAS system, which was used in the joint U.S.-Soviet Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the assembly of the Russian space station Mir and by space shuttles visiting the International Space Station. The androgynous docking system is designed so either spacecraft can be active or passive. China says the docking system would permit Shenzhou capsules to attach to the ISS if the country was ever invited to join the multinational research laboratory. The Shenzhou docking system is designed to automated or manual dockings on missions with a crew on-board. Zhang Bonan, chief engineer of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp., said controllers in Beijing will check the alignment and pressure seal between the two spacecraft in the moments after docking. "The rendezvous and docking phase will begin from the contact of the docking mechanisms," Wu said. "Within 15 minutes, the processes of capturing, buffering, approaching and locking will be completed. Finally, the two vehicles will be physically connected to form an assembly." Shenzhou 8 and Tiangong 1 will form a mini-space station 60 feet long with more than 700 cubic feet of habitable volume inside. "There are a lot of plugs for gas and electrical circuits that must be perfectly aligned," Zhang said. " The two vehicles must also be precisely positioned to be connected. If not, the docking cannot be achieved."Once the spacecraft are firmly bolted together, Tiangong 1 will assume control of the flight of the dual vehicles. The craft will stay together for 12 days before Shenzhou 8 undocks, backs away to 460 feet and returns for a second docking. Shenzhou 8 will depart Tiangong 1 for good and its re-entry module will parachute back to Earth on Nov. 17, according to Chinese state media.One or two manned Shenzhou flights are scheduled for next year to dock with Tiangong 1 for short-duration research missions.

 








 



 
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